In this third whiteboard session in partnership with Archetype, we explain how a recent paper on Fiat-Shamir security and the GKR protocol works.
Proof is in the Pudding · Part 3 of 10
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Variants of KZG: Part V, Multilinear Commitments with Mercury
In this final post of the series, we extend univariate KZG commitments to multilinear polynomials through Mercury. Building on Gemini, we fold half of the variables at once, use polynomial division to bind this large fold to the original commitment and reduce the remaining multilinear evaluations to a batched inner product check. We then walk through the end-to-end opening protocol. We conclude by examining its proof size, prover cost and verifier cost.
Variants of KZG: Part IV, Multilinear Commitments with Gemini
In this blog post, we extend univariate KZG commitments to multilinear polynomials through Gemini. We introduce recursive partial evaluations, derive the split-and-fold identity and express each fold as a univariate identity that can be checked using KZG openings. We then walk through the end-to-end opening protocol. We conclude by examining its proof size, prover cost, and verifier cost.
Optimizing Cryptography with AI
Many of us are using AI to generate code. Vibe coding cryptography is especially sensitive - you have to uphold strict mathematical correctness. This can lead to wrong security guarantees and soundness bugs. We will discuss what are some patterns to do it well.
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Archetype x zkSecurity (Whiteboard Session) - Proof is in the Pudding: Arithmetization
Join us for a deep dive into the fascinating world of arithmetization as David from our team breaks down the process of converting logical statements into algebraic forms to create arithmetic circuits, essential for constructing ZK proofs. This unedited recording from our "Proof is in the Pudding" series offers a unique opportunity to grasp these foundational concepts, perfect for anyone keen on unlocking the mechanics behind zero-knowledge proofs. Curious? Check out the session on Archetype's channel!
Archetype x zkSecurity (Whiteboard Session) - Proof is in the Pudding: zkTLS
In our "Proof is in the Pudding" series, hosted with Archetype, we dive into the world of zkTLS, also known as zkOracles, HTTPz, or MPC-TLS. You'll get the inside scoop on various approaches like public oracles, TEE methods such as TownCrier, and hybrid models using MPC protocols. It's a perfect chance to explore cutting-edge TLS technologies and see how they shape secure communication. Check out the recorded session on Archetype's channel!
Trust, But Measure: A Friendly Intro to TEEs with Intel TDX
In the latest session of "Proof is in the Pudding," we teamed up with Archetype to explore the basics of Trusted Execution Environments. Through a collaborative whiteboarding session, we break down key concepts and practical applications, making this tech topic accessible and engaging. Dive in to discover how these environments can enhance digital security in a straightforward way.
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Public report of Aleo's consensus (Bullshark)
We recently audited Aleo's blockchain consensus and found it to be impressively well-documented and high-quality. Our collaboration with Aleo's cooperative team helped us uncover several key issues, and the insights from this audit were well-received. In the blog, we dive into Aleo's Bullshark consensus protocol, explaining its step-by-step process and unique pipelining techniques. We also explore how leaders ensure commitments in even rounds and discuss essential aspects like quorum intersection and garbage collection. Whether you're a blockchain enthusiast or just curious about cutting-edge consensus protocols, this post has got some fascinating details to offer!
SoK: What don’t we know? Understanding Security Vulnerabilities in SNARKs
We've teamed up with some of the top minds in academia and industry to dive deep into the world of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) and their vulnerabilities. Our new paper catalogues hundreds of ZK vulnerabilities, breaking down their root causes and offering strategies to sidestep these pitfalls. By digging into real-life SNARK implementations, we aim to bolster the security of these cutting-edge systems with actionable insights and recommendations. Curious about what makes ZKPs tick and how to keep them secure? You might find this study just what you need!
Accelerating ZK Proving with WebGPU: Techniques and Challenges
Hey there! We're diving into how leveraging WebGPU can revolutionize client-side proving for privacy-preserving zero-knowledge apps. By tackling the usual time and memory bottlenecks with innovative techniques like using GPUs, we're achieving significant performance gains. We'll share our experiences using WebGPU with various frameworks, offering insights into optimizing operations and managing data transfer efficiently. Plus, learn about the challenges and exciting potential of integrating WebGPU into zero-knowledge frameworks. Join us to explore the future of privacy tech!